How often does a timing belt need replaced on 2005 Honday Odyssey

It’s not just mileage. Belt replacement is also determined by age and since this vehicle was probably built in 2004 this means the belt is at least 6 years old.
This is an interference fit engine which means that if the belt breaks there will be engine damage.

Just my opinion, but if I owned a vehicle with an interference fit engine I would err on the side of caution and never allow a belt to exceed 5 years of age. Belts have been known to break long before 5 years and 60k miles on occasion.

The price will vary greatly depending on the shop and locale. An independent shop on the west coast may be twice as high as a shop in Kansas for instance.
Wild guessing a bit, figure from around 600 dollars to a grand not including belts and spark plugs.
Regarding the other belts you should only be charged for the belts, no labor. Those belts have to be removed to do the timing belt so there is labor overlap there.