2013 Chevrolet Equinox completely turns off 10 seconds after I start car

I can tell you that a bad timing belt can be ruled-out, simply because your engine utilizes a timing chain, rather than a belt. If you don’t believe me, just check the maintenance schedule that came with the car. If it doesn’t list timing belt replacement at… let’s say… 90k, or 100k, or 110k, then it doesn’t have a timing belt.

What might be a source of the problem is a bad crankshaft position sensor.