there is a lot going on here, and we’re gonna need some more info-
-how many miles on this engine?
-What happened to the radiator cap?
-how long did you let it sit after you shut it off before you drove off?
-How far did you drive after it wouldn’t accelerate?
-How much coolant did you add? With no coolant in the engine, the Coolant Temperature Sensor has nothing to read- it reading cold is not a good sign.
Suggestions to damage:
Cracked engine block
Cracked or warped heads
Blown head gasket
ruptured coolant hose
leaking water pump
Pretty sure this is going to have to go to a mechanic that can put hands on it and really determine the extent of damage.
It’s very likely you have done catastrophic engine damage from what you write here.
or, you have a blown coolant hose, and $10 will fix this.