Disclaimer: I am not a rubber chemist. I’ve worked along side some very talented ones and have picked up a few things along the way.
First, the mechanism wearing away the tread when you turn the steering wheel while the vehicle is stationary is called abrasion. While abrasion plays a role in tire wear (and what the UTQG treadwear test measures), it isn’t the entire picture. Numerous studies have been done to try to accurately predict what the UTQG test results would be using lab abrasion tests, but none (so far) are accurate enough to be useful.
The reason these studies were done is that the UTQG treadwear test is expensive and takes some time to run, while a lab test is cheap and quick.
Second, the idea that “soft” tires are grippier is wrong in that there is a third possibility. There is a technology triangle involving treadwear, traction, and rolling resistance. Tires with good rolling resistance are also soft, but would not have good grip.
Mustangman mentioned tires with 40 UTQG treadwear rating. Unfortunately, tires with ratings that low are usually not even tested - values are just assigned to comply with the regulations. The regulations state that the ratings can not be OVERSTATED, but there is no penalty for understating them, so it is common for track tires to be assigned a low number knowing that no one will care if the number is accurate.