Just to provide some perspective on medical technology, back in The Good Old Days (1956) my favorite aunt developed severe swelling (edema) in her legs, and she was also extremely fatigued. We took her to the ER at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, and she was admitted for diagnosis. After a day or two at that renowned hospital, we were told, “It’s either cancer or some sort of heart problem”. That’s correct… at one of the leading hospitals in the US, the lack of the type of diagnostic tests that we have today led them to “narrow” things down to two totally different diseases.
Their only diagnostic solution was to open-up her thoracic and abdominal areas in order to look at the situation with their own eyes. Surgery carries its own risks, and there are people every year who never survive a surgical procedure, but radical surgery–in order to use their eyes as a diagnostic tool–was apparently the only sure way of diagnosing her situation.
The good news is that she did survive that surgical procedure, and that she had an “inverted heart”, rather than cancer. She lived for another 12 years or so, but the fairly primitive medications of the day were unable to give her even near-normal functioning.