The orange wires are 3.3. Red is 5V and yellow is 12V on ATX normally. The new ATX12VO standard from Intel is 12V only. But that’s really new. I’m not sure what someone is supposed to do if they want to plug in a SATA hard drive. Those require 3.3 and/or 5 and 12V. Perhaps you have a non standard motherboard and power supply?
I misread what you wrote.
Removing a non powerd CPU or RAM on a non functional power supply wouldn’t affect the error you are getting.
Boards are moving more and more toward local regulation. I don’t like it since it puts one of the most unreliable electronic devices, which is a power supply, on the board itself. Local regulation for the CPU, and memory has been going on for a long time. But they’re trying to have power for the USB ports and PCIe slots locally regulated on the newer stuff.
They advertise that the new 12V only power supplies are much more efficient, but they neglect to mention the efficiency of the lower Voltage supplies that have now been moved out on to the motherboard.
There are no orange wires or red wires. This is not an ATX motherboard. The PS is a Lite-on PS-4241-01. It’s a Lenovo ThinkCentre M93p 10A8. It was made in 2015.
How old is your computer? Integrated circuits that require 3.3 volts (instead of 5 volts) are used in newer computers. Done to reduce power supply needs and heat. The transition to 3.3 volts began quite some time ago as I recall, circa 2000.