I can only give you my opinion on this. IMO, the F-14 was handicapped from the beginning by one man at the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR). NAVAIR’s function is to insure the smooth integration of weapons systems to the fleet. The “systems command” was as far as I know an Air Force concept that worked so well, the Navy adopted it.
It is mostly staffed by civilian experts and most of its functions are logistical. They coordinate the purchase, parts support, tools and support equipment and training to ensure success. Now, because they often do not understand the fleet environment which is crucial to the success of the project, there are a few fleet sailors assigned to this command from time to time as advisors. These advisors are often so instrumental to the projects success that when they retire off active duty, they are hired by NAVAIR, so they remain in their job for another 20+ years.
These guys are very influential and on some occasions, the make themselves a little empire. Now this is not just a military or NAVAIR phenomenon, read Lee Iococca’s book, he devoted a whole chapter to empire builders. Anyway, one of these guy’s was a jet mech in service. Now there are two kinds of jet engine mechanics in the Navy, probably the Air Force too but I don’t know that for sure. There are GE mechs and there are Pratt and Whitney (P&W) mechs. The jet mech at NAVAIR was a GE mech, he did not like P&W engines.
The F-14A was slated to get the PW F100 engine that the F-15 uses, but there were developmental problems with it, so he was able to effectively use these developmental problems to block them from the F-14. The F-14A got the old proven PW TF30 engine instead, heavier and less powerful, much less powerful.
The F-14 also had a state of the art (at the time) but not mil-spec weapons system. To cut this story short, he eventually got his way and when the F-14D was developed, in addition to the mil-spec weapons system, it got GE engines. Now the GE engines are good engines and provide a lot of power and weigh less than the PW TF30 engine, in fact they were a little better than the PW F100 engine, but it is physically shorter and bigger around. That moved its center of gravity forward by several feet.
All I can say is that after the D bird was introduced to the fleet (after I retired) there ware a lot of reports in the press of these planes crashing, mostly on takeoff. I know that planes do not tolerate a big change in their center of gravity very well, so I tend to think that the plane was just to unstable.
But there is this too, it was a very expensive plane to support. It took a lot of maintenance hours for every flight hour and it was difficult to maintain the full mission capable status goals required by the fleet. The F-18 was far less maintenance intensive and cheaper to maintain. It was also far less capable.
A new slightly larger version of the F-18 was in development that had almost all the capability of the F-14 as a long range interceptor and many more capabilities that the F-14 was not good at, like bombing. It really proved to be a more competitive alternative to the F-14. My surprise was how soon after its introduction, the F-14D was replaced. Usually a plane has about a 20 year life, anything less usually indicates serious problems.
The F-14a with its 100+ mile range Phoenix missile system was an awesome weapons system. If the bad guy crosses the line with his bombers carrying nuclear weapons, that is the system you want protecting you. The AAMRAM with its 40+ mile range is OK, but its too bad they didn’t figure out a way to put the Phoenix on the F-18. That combined with the speed and agility of the F-18 would be a suitable substitute.