I take it you’re in a warm area, I’d hate to have an icy spot in winter.
I assure you that is no longer the case (assuming there actually is 64GB of memory, including bad cells, on a 64GB unit). I would rather not have pages and pages of discussion about formatting and binary versus decimal when I have already throughly investigated this. Capacities are even varying slightly among identical products.
The SD card market is still honest. Most 64GB SDXC is 63.9GB which is within rounding limits, and high endurance media that can go well above the now common 200 erase cycle limit is readly available. USB flash drives are mostly unavailable in MLC / high endurance. This can be a problem with Tesla vehicles because the integrated dashcam uses a USB stick, not an SD card. You would have to get a USB SD card reader and put a high endurance SD card in that. MicroSDXC in a USB 3 reader is actually just as small as a USB flash drive and it works really well. That may be what Tesla drives will have to do.
I believe at least some display panels or their warranties have a certain number of allowed bad pixels. There no such quota for “actual user storage is less”.
I am going to keep this explanation simple… Think of a computer storage device, a hard drive, a thumb drive (flash drive, memory stick, USB Drive, etc…), an SD Card, MicroSD Card, etc… like a book.
The book might be 200-pages long, but the actual story is only 190-pages long (spoiler alert, the butler did it…).
Those odd 10-pages not used for the story are used for the Table of Content and the Index…
A Computer storage device also has its own version of the Table of Content and the Index and they are called the File System Structure; essentially creating a “table of contents” that tells the Operating Systems of the computer how to store and find files.
This is how to find out how much storage is available for you to use and how much was taken up by files already stored on the device…
Open the application File Manager, Right Click on the Device to bring up the Options Window, and Right Click on Properties…
Once you Right Click on Properties, this Window pops up and it provides an overall view of available space on the Device. This is a freshly formatted 32GB SD Card, so there are no files saved on it, and I am using this to show the space that is taken up by the File System (Table of Contents…).
Now you can see more specific details of the Device’s storage by Right Clicking the Details Button…
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This gives you a very detailed specific description of all the data (files…) on the device.
So, no matter what device you are using, the operating system will use some of the space for its own internal “housekeeping”. Additionally, if during formatting of the drive, the system finds bad sectors (areas on the device that will not accept data…) the file system reports less usable space, but it’s often hidden or shows up as unallocated space, making the drive seem smaller.
I will use the letter d to refer to decimal, in the same way that i in MiB refers to binary or base 2 (1024 * 1024).
This is not a formatting or OS issue. And your Windows screenshots show binary GB or GiB, which further confuses things as 29.1GB (binary) is 31.2GdB (decimal), and decimal is the way storage devices are measured since the 1990s to make them look bigger. Looks like your storage drive is advertised as “32 GB” but it is only 31.2GdB or close. A small amount of space is taken up by formatting, but nowhere near the missing 800MdB.
You didn’t show any screenshots of the actual device size from diskpart or similar utilites.
To turn this size discrepancy issue back to cars; a Chevy 327 engine is named for its nominal 327 cubic inches of displacement, but its actual displacement, based on its 4-inch bore and 3.25-inch stroke, calculates to 326.7 cubic inches (5.4L).
There, everyone can rest assured that this “monster of a topic” is back on track (race track, not disk track… 
)…
Thank you. I was cautioned about being careful what i wrote, then we are off in 15 different directions. I don’t mind but I don’t like to be told what I can say.
Just for my two cents but my hvac folks recommended against the super high efficiency in favor of a 90. It would not be an easy retrofit though to pipe out the side. I don’t know why. Same thing with general appliances said the lower life expectancy is due to the high energy standards.
The Honda CRF230 is 223cc. But that’s published. It’s doesn’t say actual user displacement will be less. Funny thing is China measures displacement including the volume at the top of the cylinder, but others measure displacement as the difference between minimum and maximum volume.
Our high efficiency Furnace is located in the garage about 3-feet away from the hot water heater… The hot water heater still uses the original smoke stack… Over the garage is a Family Room with knee walls. The furnace PVC smoke stack had to have a couple of 45° elbows installed to clear the old smoke stack and it vents through the roof…
The neighbor across the street has a much different layout over his garage and there was no way to vent his PVC smoke stack through the roof as the PVC would be installed too close to the hot smoke stack from his hot water heater. They vented it along the ceiling of his garage and out the front of the house, a foot over the garage door opening… I am sure that prospective buyers in the future will says, “What is that thing?”
In Minnesota, this stuff is located in the basement normally. Most garages would be too cold.
Back to gasoline. I noticed the local station is down to $2.62 fir regular. Too cold to go anywhere though. I did notice kerosene is at $6.99 at the farm store. Maybe when they restock it’ll go down some.
Aren’t they moving their most sophisticated manufacturing to Phoenix? This has been in the works for five or six years. The possibility of an invasion of Taiwan concerns TSMC management so much that they want to make sure the Other China doesn’t get a hold on their secrets.
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TSMC doesn’t design or manufacture the equipment used in their operations. They buy equipment from ASML, AMAT, LAM etc. Much of what goes into equipment made by ASML, AMAT and others contain critical IP from U.S. companies. The most advanced equipment is under very strict export control. It is the U.S. that is concerned this equipment could fall into the hands of the Chinese and be copied. This is why there is a sense of urgency to re-patriate this more advanced capability stateside…
Many here probably know this, but the way Apple devices and .. the rest of the world! measure storage is different.
Apple devices use a simple 1,000 Bytes to one mB.
Windows, etc, use the exact amount: 1,024 Bytes.
Windows also a wider range of items than an Apple device to calculate used storage (background utilities, etc).
That’s why you always notice Apple might say you have Available: 7.4Gb out of 64, where Windows: 5.3 out of 64.
Apple what? OSX? iOS? I believe Apple has used iB for binary sizes for some time now. I wish dB would be used for decimal sizes and B would have been left as 1024 as it originally was in the early days. When you buy an iOS device a portion of the storage is used for iOS.
Sorry for not being specific.
By “device” I meant mobile, so yes, IOS.
Studying the following example, we see that Windows reports less available storage, one reason, I’m told, is that Windows defines a megabyte as 1,024 bytes, vs Apple’s rounded 1,000.
I also believe Windows counts more items using memory than Apple does, against available storage, making it lower in Windows.
My advice to iOS users: Always go by the desktop OS measure of an iPhone’s or iPad’s remaining storage, so you aren’t caught with the proverbial p a n t s down, when something can’t be loaded onto that device, or apps won’t run due to insufficient memory.
Yes 81.91GdB = 76.28GiB. Windows is not reporting 0.7GiB of free space that iOS claims is there. According to Windows, the device actually does have 127.7GdB which rounds to 128GdB of storage, which is good.
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Isn’t this issue of how many bits and bytes you get in a GB or a GiB or a GdB or G∞B (that last one is my new measure, I call it the “Infinity Giga Bunch…”) getting out of hand. If you do not like how little memory you have, buy a larger capacity device.
When it all comes down to it, it is only a single “Bit” a One or a Zero, either On or Off, that’s all it is…
How? Technically, they aren’t labeled, or the capacity isn’t advertised to say it a different way. 
Except that you can be sure that it isn’t more than is on the label.
Yeah, unfortunately in these days where looks and street rep triumph all other factors, and to have size or model number embossed on the exterior would be anathema(!), you’d have to into the device’s settings, if in store, and check the About section.
Did you know my 2.0L engine is only 1993cc’s? Doing my part to get to 300!
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