Even without studs it make black spots in the driveway.
Back to the op’s question, “How damaging is it to turn tires on concrete while at a complete stop?”
Is this something you really worry about? Too much time on your hands, need a hobby, I collect and repair pocket watches. If so you better stop making turns, braking, and heaven forbid any hard acceleration. Do you really sit in one place and turn the steering wheel all day? If so why? Is there any way this could be a REAL concern to anyone?
What you can see is actually called a “bumper cover”. Why? Because it really is covering the steel bumper so cleverly hidden behind it.
Oh great , now the OP is going to ask if they need to clean the tire marks off the street .
It probably won’t make much difference in tire wear, but someone with new asphalt on his driveway will thank you for not doing that.