Also, to ask the question ‘What the heck is a bushing’, it is a rubber connector that connects suspension parts to the frame of the car. With your car being a Camry, the front suspension consists of a lower conrol arm that pivots from a fixed point on the frame to the bottom of the steering knuckle and an anti-sway bar to control side-to-side body roll when turning. Two bushings are used to connect the control arm to the frame on each side, 4 total, and 2 bushings to connect the sway bar to the frame.
The rubber can break down after years of use and require replacement. Bu, if the shop let you drive off the lot, I doubt anything will fall off. The bushings are wrapped with steel sleeves on the inside and out, and will need to be completely disintergrated before serious damage will occur. You’re probably at the point now, where the rubber is too soft to prevent the control arm from shifting around, throwing off the alignment.