I’m in agreement with the others that this could be a fuel contamination issue or a turbocharger issue.
Contamination such as water could be a constant problem. If the problem is dirt, etc. then it may take a while for the new filter to clog. One would hope the mechanic would have checked for this after removing the old filter.
As to the turbo, it’s possible for an impeller to randomly start dragging and if that happens it’s akin to trying to breathe with a tie pulled too tight around your neck.
You refer to topping off the oil. Exactly how much oil did it take to top off?