I was very fortunate when my son was a teenage driver. He attended a military school for high school and took a driver training course while enrolled there. In the summer he lived with a relative and worked for the academy so I furnished a car. The military school experience helped him develop a sense of responsibility. When he drove my vehicle, a Ford Aerostar with a display that gave the average mpg, he would get a better average than I would get. As a college sophomore, he did an Appalachian semester and worked in a little mission. He had to drive 15 passenger vans on narrow mountain roads with steep drop-offs on either side and had children in the van. I rode with him once when he was transporting kids. He wouldn’t start the engine until every seat belt was fastened.
My only complaint about the driver education course is that they said nothing about vehicle maintenance. He knows how to replace a battery but that is about it. He is in his mid thirties and I still get calls about his automotive problems. It’s hard to give a definitive answer when he lives 350 miles from where I do.